The Temenggongs of Johor
In 1784, the Temenggongs of Johor were a threatened, virtually disinherited minor lineage of the Johor-Riau aristocracy. By 1885, the heir to that title became the sultan of the Malay state of Johor. Today, their descendants occupy an important position as state rulers and participants in the Malaysian constitutional monarchy. Although they began the 19th century with a reputation for involvement in piracy, Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim (r. 1825-62) and his son, Abu Bakar (r. 1862-95), gained wealth and legitimacy, winning respect from the British rulers of Malaya and ultimately from other Malay royal houses.
- Information in the full article includes
- The Malay World
- The Temenggongs
- Piracy
- Modernization and education
- Gambier and pepper
