main page

Early Modern History

• Introduction

• The indigenous state and society
• The Malay kerajaan
• The Malay entrepôt state
• The Malay diet
• Forced labour, debt-bondage and slavery
• Early Malay tin mining
• Rice cultivation and Kedah
• Women, weaving and markets
• Peoples and settlements of Borneo
• The birds' nests of Borneo
• Antimony mining and the sago industry of Sarawak
• Slave trading and markets of Borneo

• The beginningS of a modern export economy
• The impact of Penang on Kedah's economy
• The British entrepôt of Singapore
• The export economy of the Straits Settlements
• The Temenggongs of Johor
• European agency houses and the Malay states
• Long Jaafar and the Chinese tin miners in Larut
• Chinese secret societies

• The impact of British imperialism
• The Burney Treaty, Siam and the northern Malay states
• James Brooke: the white rajah of Sarawak
• Dul Said and the Naning War
• British mediation and the new sultanate in Johor
• Civil wars and British intervention
• The new sultanate of Pahang
• The sultanate of Selangor
• The Negri Sembilan confederacy

• The beginning of colonial rule
• Sultans and Residents
• Chinese immigration and tin mining
• Malay peasants and land laws
• Revenue farming
• The role of large-scale Western enterprise
• The formation of the Federated Malay States

• The Malay states
• The Malayan Durbars
• The Resident-General and the Federal Council
• Sharing revenue and economic development
• The decentralization policy
• The Unfederated Malay States
• The 1909 Anglo-Siamese Treaty
• Constitutional reforms

• Sarawak and Sabah
• The territorial expansion of Sarawak
• The Brookes and Sarawak's plural society
• Sabah under chartered company rule
• The Labuan entrepôtand the Borneo protectorate
• Petroleum and mineral resources in Borneo

• The beginningS of a modern state
• The growth of a plural society
• The Malayan economy
• The development of urban centres
• The rubber industry and Indian immigration
• The development of railways
• Disease and health care services
• Education and the Malay civil service
• Malay newspapers and literature
• The origins of a Malay nationalist movements
• The labour movement and radical politics
• Female immigration and permanent settlement
• Multiple school systems an a plural society