Early Modern History/ Contents

The birds' nests of Borneo

James Warren

At the end of the 18th century, the Sulu zone and Borneo emerged as a thriving economic region. A number of social, political and historical factors contributed to their prosperity. Foremost among these was the demand from China for edible birds' nests, the procurement of which was dependent upon Borneo's tribal highlanders and rainforest nomads. They were at the lowest level of a complex distribution system for this prized commodity. At the apex of this system was the sultan of Sulu.

  • Information in the full article includes
  • Birds' nests and the international economy
  • Economic transformation
  • Birds' nest and the tea trade
  • Birds' nests and violence
  • Environmental degration
  • Regional impact
Birds' nest soup

A bowl of birds' nest soup and prepared birds' nests, as they are sold in the market.