Government and Politics/ Contents

The National Operations Council

P. Ramasamy

In the aftermath of the May 1969 riots, the National Operations Council (NOC) was given unprecedented powers to run the country and restore order. It implemented constitutional changes to protect the privileges of the Malays, and created policies to give them a bigger share in the country's economy. Though its existence was brief and sometimes controversial, the NOC left an indelible mark on Malaysia's economy, socio-political scene and foreign relations.

  • Information in the full article includes
  • Emergency powers
  • Fairness and unity
Rukunegara

The Rukunegara (National ideology) sought to balance development with good values and is intended for both government and citizens.