External opposition to Malaysia
A caricature of Sukarno crowing that Malaysia would be crished before 1 January 1965.
The birth of Malaysia faced two external challenges. The Philippines laid claim to North Borneo; a communist-influenced Indonesia accused Malaysia of colonialism in disguise. When diplomatic attempts to block the formation of Malaysia failed, Indonesia became more aggressive and until 1966 waged an undeclared war against Malaysia.
- Information in the full article includes
- The Philippines and North Borneo
- The British response